Conversation with difficulties.
Sometimes it is more about the way we say things that matter rather than what we say to people.
ADHD
Common ADHD social errors include;
- Interrupting
- Talking too much
- Talking too fast
- Going off track
- Not paying attention
- Not maintaining balance in relationships
- Impulsively blurting out words that would be better left unsaid
- Not being reliable
- Inappropriate body language
PRAGMATIC LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENTS
Pragmatic language impairment, is an impairment in understanding pragmatic aspects of language.
Pragmatics involve three major communication skills:
a. Using language
- Greeting (E.G, hello, goodbye),
- Informing (E.G, I’m going to get a cookie),
- Demanding (E.g, Give me a cookie),
- Promising (E.G, I’m going to get you a cookie),
- Requesting (E.G, I would like a cookie, please)
b. Changing language
- Talking differently to a baby than to an adult
- Giving background information to an unfamiliar listener
- Speaking differently in a classroom than on a playground
c. Following rules
- Taking turns in conversation
- Introducing topics of conversation
- Staying on topic
- Rephrasing when misunderstood
- How to use verbal and nonverbal signals
- How close to stand to someone when speaking
- How to use facial expressions and eye contact
An individual with pragmatic problems may:
- Say inappropriate or unrelated things during conversations
- Tell stories in a disorganised way
- Have little variety in language use.
Pragmatic disorders often coincide with other language problems such as vocabulary development or grammar.
Pragmatic problems can lower social acceptance and peers may avoid having conversations with an individual with a pragmatic disorder.
LEARNING STRATEGIES
Children with language difficulties can be completely unaware of their own thinking and learning processes. They do not know that there are certain strategies that can be used to help them learn, or that they could be using the wrong strategies for their specific learning style.
Different learning styles include:
a. Visual Learners
- Learn well by listening and communicating with others
- Want to see how things are done
- Enjoy poster, visual overhead, colours
- Learn well from videos
- Doodle and draw
- Work well with information mapping systems (e.g. Mind maps)
- Picture well (visualise) inside their heads
b. Auditory learners
- Learn well by listening and communication with others
- Learn through rhythm and rhyme
- Learn from audio tapes
- Have good auditory discrimination for sounds and auditory attack skills for reading
- Learn languages easily
c. Kinaesthetic learners
- Use their hands and whole bodies to learn
- Create things, make things, pull things apart and rebuild them
- Use their feelings
d. Print-orientated learners
- Read to learn and for pleasure
- Have good reading comprehension
- Write well and write for pleasure
e. Interactive learners
- Learn well by interacting with others
- Learn from discussion
- Group work and co-operative learning
- Have and ability to lead, follow and be flexible socially
HEARING IMPAIRMENTS
A sensorineural hearing loss can result in three different communication difficulties.
The communication difficulties in a patient with sensorineural
hearing loss will occur but with varying degrees.
- Loss of sensitivity.
With loss of sensitivity you have difficulties hearing soft speech. soft sounds have to be made louder in order to be heard, and turning up the television or speaking a bit louder may compensate for a mild loss of sensitivity.
- loss of high frequencies
Hearing-impaired people have problems hearing high frequencies constants such as s,t,f,p,k and combinations of all constants such as th and sh, all of which can make it very difficult for hearing-impaired people to understand a conversation.
- discrimination loss
Discrimination loss make it difficult for them to understand speech in noisy surroundings. they may do well in quiet one-to-one situations, but will have problems with their hearing in cases where there is background noise. the noise ‘masks’ or covers speech sounds.
SIGN LANGUAGE
British Sign Language is the first or preferred language of some deaf people in the U.K; there are 125,00 deaf adults in the U.K who use BSL plus and estimated 20,000 children. in 2011, 15,000 people living in England and Wales, reported themselves using BSL as their main language. The language makes use of space and involves movement of the hands, body, face and head. Many thousands of people who are not deaf also use BSL, as hearing relatives of deaf people, Sign Language Interpreters or as a result of other contact with the British Deaf Community.
Advantages of sign language:
- Knowing sign language gives you an insight to an entirely different culture indigenous to your home country.
- If you have a sore throat or laryngitis, you don’t need to speak to communicate (assuming you teach you friends and family to sign)
- sign languages are logical yet creative
- sign languages are beautiful languages with a rich culture and history which allows people to see the world in a new, visual way.
Disadvantages of sign language:
- Not everyone knows how to sign, although not everybody knows how to speak French either.
- You have to be in line of sight, you can’t have a conversation in sign language when a person is in another room, or while watching television or doing crafts or other things that require you to look away.
DYSLEXIA
Specific Learning difficulties affect the way information is processed. These difficulties a neurological which usually run in the family and most definitely occur independently from intelligence, however they can have significant impacts on education and learning.
Dyslexia is a hidden disability thought to affect around 10% of the population. Dyslexia affects the way in which information is processed, stored and retrieved, with problems of memory, speed of processing, time perception, organisation and so on. some people may even have difficulty navigation a route left and right compass directions. I can imagine these difficulties with dyslexia will take its toll on the way people who struggle with them, communicate with others; living in fear of being judged by someone who may see these things as “easy”.
reinforce things several times over to make sure things are crystal clear.
